What were the results of the policy of total collectivization?

The results of complete collectivization were appalling. A massive famine took place in the most grain-rich regions of the country. A huge number of people died of hunger. According to some estimates, there are about three million people. There was a significant reduction in agricultural production, a decrease in acreage. Taxes on villages have increased by as much as three and a half percent. Collective farmers were not given passports. By 1937, ninety-three percent of the farms were collectivized.