When did a city or state appear?

The first cities were founded by people on the fertile lands of Mesopotamia. About 7000 thousand years ago, ancient people began to move to a settled way of life, domesticate animals, sow cereals, and build dwellings. Thanks to the opportunity to stock up on food and get their surplus, people began to exchange goods of their own production. The need for household utensils and tools, hunting led to the emergence of crafts. The settlement needed constant protection and people began to create professional military units. Gradually, the tribal leaders concentrated power in their hands and this led to the emergence of estates. Settlements expanded, society became subject to kings and priests. Each ruler wanted to immortalize his name and the construction of palaces and religious temples, fortress walls began. Civilization developed in parallel with the architecture, culture and traditions of the people.