When guessing a number in the range, 5 bits of information were obtained. How many numbers does this range contain?

The bit accepts either “0” or “1”. A number can be encoded into binary using various algorithms.
In 1 bit, you can specify only 1 number: 0 or 1.
In 2 bits you can already specify 4 numbers:
0 – (00)
1 – (01)
2 – (10)
3 – (11)
The range can be determined by raising 2 to the power of the number of bytes.
That is: 2 ^ 5 = 32, which means the range will be from 0 to 31 (since the counting starts from 0).
Answer: 32