When processing 14.8 g of saturated monohydric alcohol with sodium 2.24 liters of gas

When processing 14.8 g of saturated monohydric alcohol with sodium 2.24 liters of gas, determine the formula for the alcohol.

Solution:
1. Let’s write down the reaction equation:
2CnH2n + 1OH + 2Na = H2 + 2CnH2n + 1ONa – substitution reaction, hydrogen gas is released;
2. Determine the amount of H2 moles if its volume is known:
1 mol (H2) at n. y – 22.4 l;
X mol – 2.24 liters. hence, X mol (H2) = 2.24 * 1 / 2.24 = 0.1 mol;
3. Determine the amount of moles of alcohol by making a proportion according to the reaction equation:
X mol (alcohol) – 0.1 mol (H2);
-2 mol -1 mol hence, X mol (alcohol) = 2 * 0.1 / 1 = 0.2 mol;
4. Calculate M (alcohol) by the formula:
Y (alcohol) = m / M; M (alcohol) = 14.8 / 0, 2 = 74 g / mol;
5. The general formula of alcohol: СnH2n + 1OH, let’s determine the value of n:
12n + 1 * 2 + 16 +1 = 74 g / mol;
12n = 54; n = 4.5;
6. Alcohol formula: С4Н9ОН – butanol. M (C4H9OH) – 74 g / mol;
Substitution reaction:
2C4H9OH + 2Na = H2 + 2C4H9ONa;
Answer: butyl alcohol – С4Н9ОН.