When two varieties of tomatoes were crossed, one of which had yellow and the other had red fruits

When two varieties of tomatoes were crossed, one of which had yellow and the other had red fruits, the F1 hybrids had red fruits, and in the second generation, 58 red and 14 yellow fruits. Explain the resulting splitting. What are the genotypes of the original varieties and F1 hybrids?

The problem is solved based on Mendel’s laws:

since when crossing yellow and red tomatoes in the first generation, we got all red tomatoes. It can be concluded that this feature is dominant, which means that we designate red as A, and yellow as a.

In the first generation, all offspring were red, which means, according to Mendel’s first law, the parents in F1 had these genotypes AA and aa. When crossing, we received the following results – Aa – red heterozygotes.
In the 2nd generation, crossing is carried out between the first generation according to Mendel’s 2 law, that is, Aa with Aa and we get AA, Aa, Aa, aa – a splitting of 3: 1 in phenotype and 2: 1: 1 in genotype.
Answer. Splitting occurs according to Mendel’s laws, genotypes of the first generation varieties: AA and aa, genotypes of 1st generation hybrids Aa.



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