Where and how is energy produced in vertebrates?

Energy in vertebrates, like in other animals, is in the form of ATP molecules. These molecules have three high-energy bonds (when they are destroyed, energy is released, which is used to maintain vital activity). ATP is formed during glycolysis in the mitochondria.

Glycolysis proceeds in three stages, the total amount of ATP molecules is 38. They are formed during the cleavage of glucose, first to pyruvic acid, and then to water and carbon dioxide.