Where and when did the Parliament appear in England, the Cortes in Spain? For what purpose?

Where and when did the Parliament appear in England, the Cortes in Spain? For what purpose? What strata of society were involved? How were they arranged?

Parliament in England appeared in 1265, and the Cortes arose in 1137 in Castile. These were elective meetings. Parliament was responsible for the tax system in the country, for the military sphere, foreign policy and the court system. The Cortes were created to enlist the support of citizens in military operations and state affairs, for close interaction of citizens, clergy and ordinary people. Parliament was divided into two chambers – the highest aristocracy and the clergy, as well as knights and townspeople. The nobility, clergy and townspeople took part in the meetings of the Cortes.