Where and why did medieval cities arise?

Most of the cities that appeared in the Middle Ages were concentrated along the channels of large rivers, as well as on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

The main reason for this was that they were centers of trade.

In addition, these cities often arose on the ruins of ancient cities from the Antique era, as well as along trade routes from Asia to Europe and from the Varangians to the Greeks.

Gradually, craft centers were concentrated here, for which it was more profitable to work here, since they could more profitably sell their goods.