Which countries were leaders in European politics by the end of the 15th century, and which – by the beginning

Which countries were leaders in European politics by the end of the 15th century, and which – by the beginning of the 17th century? What were the reasons for the change?

At the end of the 15th century, the leaders of European politics were the Catholic states – the Spanish Kingdom (Aragon and Castile), as well as France, where kings from the Valois dynasty ruled. At the end of the 15th century, the role of England was insignificant, since the civil war of the Scarlet and White Roses had just ended there. By the beginning of the 17th century, the leaders were France (under King Henry IV of Bourbon), England (following the reign of Elizabeth Tudor) and Austria, where the Habsburg dynasty ruled. the role of Sweden and Holland increased, the role of Spain fell, which from 1580 to 1640 was in union with Portugal.