Which countries were republics and which parliamentary monarchies at the beginning of the 20th century?

At the beginning of the 20th century, republics existed in large numbers in the western hemisphere, from Chile and Argentina in the south to the United States in the north. They could be both federal and unitary. Even in poorer and isolated countries like Bolivia, there was presidential power.

In Africa, the republic was small Liberia, one of two independent states on the black continent, the second was Ethiopia with an absolute monarchy.

In Europe, the republics were San Marino (the oldest), France, Portugal since 1910, Switzerland.

Parliamentary monarchies were: Japan, Great Britain, Sweden, Luxembourg, the Netherlands.