Which of the kings of France began in XII in the process of subordinating the vassals of their domain?

This process was started by Philip IV the Handsome. This was his idea. He ruled France since 1285. This great ruler died in 1314. He was also called the Sphinx of France. This policy was ambiguous and the people did not like him. In 1306, he even had to flee Paris. And all because, on his order, supposedly gold coins were issued, which contained a lot of copper and the gold plating was very quickly erased and the people were naturally indignant.



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