Who carried out the modernization in Germany?

Germany, Japan and Russia belonged to the countries of the second echelon of capitalist development in the 19th and 20th centuries. The main feature of modernization in these countries was the later entry onto the capitalist path and the accelerated pace of development. In Germany, the main initiative for modernization came from the state. In the 19th century, the country began to forcefully improve its industry and scientific and technical base. In Germany, as a result of modernization, a diversified economy has formed with the existence of large enterprises and small workshops.