Who was Charlemagne fighting in Spain? To the land of the Saxons? In Italy?

At that time, the Arabs dominated the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. They were defeated at the Battle of Poitiers, and therefore did not move north. Charlemagne also fought with the Arabs. In Italy, the emperor in 774 made a campaign against the Lombards, destroying their kingdom and annexing all the lands to himself. In the lands of the Saxons, the Franks had long skirmishes with the local princes. The war generally lasted over 30 years. Until the Saxons each time did not admit their defeat, although they did not submit entirely, but only were in vassal dependence.