Who was the opponent of Louis 11 in the unification of France?

The most important role in the formation of a unified France was played by King Louis XI, who ascended the throne in 1461. This ruler combined extreme religiosity and excessive cruelty. To achieve his goal, the king used various intrigues. From the very beginning of his reign, Louis XI conducted a very cautious and cunning policy. He refused from office all the advisers who were still with his father, dealt with the feudal lords. He intervened in feuds between different feudal lords, thereby weakening their position. Thus, with the help of intrigue and cunning, he fought against the opponents of the country’s unification – the feudal lords.