Why are the Arabs considered the heirs of ancient culture? What did they themselves bring to world culture?

Because the Arab conquerors subjugated the lands of many ancient peoples who had long ago created high cultures. The Arabs began to build new cities. Very quickly, the Arabs adopted many of the features of the Middle Eastern way of life – clothes, cuisine, a love of washing in baths and a passion for music, dancing, and poetry contests.
Especially a lot of Muslims adopted from the scientific knowledge of the Byzantines and Iranians. First of all, they became interested in medicine and astronomy. But soon the turn came to other sciences, for example, philosophy.
In the IX century. in Baghdad, “Bayt al-hikma” (“House of Wisdom”) appeared, in which the best Greek, Iranian, Syrian and Hebrew books were translated into Arabic. Greek philosophy strongly influenced Muslim theology, and Roman law influenced Muslim law – Sharia.
Outstanding philosophers, astronomers, physicians, mathematicians, and geographers appeared in the Caliphate. In madrasah – Muslim higher schools, hundreds of students studied. The knowledge of Arab scientists about nature was far superior to the knowledge of the Europeans of that time. Many Christians from Europe learned from the Arab sages.
Muslims appreciated not only knowledge, but also beauty. They built beautiful mosques, madrasahs and palaces. Baths and houses of the nobility were decorated with mosaics with military and hunting scenes, pages of books with miniatures.
Muslims have achieved outstanding success in calligraphy – the art of writing. After all, they believed that trying to portray God himself is blasphemy, but to inscribe the word of God is a pious deed. Arabs and Iranians have developed many beautiful handwritings. Temples, dishes, fabrics, weapons – almost everything that surrounded people were decorated with sacred inscriptions.