Why did the community prevent the peasants from leaving the cuts and farms?

Prior to Stolypin’s agrarian reform, communal farming was a form of coexistence and mutual assistance that was customary for the peasantry. Since taxes (taxes) and other payments were collected in general from the peasant community. For the land was considered common and with each revision (census) it was redistributed according to the number of male souls in the family. Therefore, the size of the area of ​​land belonging to one family changed from time to time. As well as their location sometimes. Moreover, there was a striped patch – one site was, for example, in a damp place, another – on sandy soil, the third – black soil. Therefore, in a dry year, the first site rescued, in a damp year – the second and third.
When the Stolypin took measures to destroy the community, the peasants were asked to leave it for the cut, that is, to receive a plot cut off from the common land. And even transfer the house to it, thereby creating a farm. However, resistance arose from many peasants. Since the habitual way of life was changing and leaving the community was frightening, it protected from ruin. In addition, when separated from the community, the family was cut off a relatively large, but one piece of land – for example, sandy land. And this meant that in a dry year, the family would not receive a harvest and would be guaranteed to go broke. For the community will no longer help – neither with bread, nor seeds for sowing next year, will not pay taxes for a family in trouble. And attempts to cut off a piece of fertile land for themselves were suppressed by the neighbors remaining in the community. Otherwise, only bad lands would remain in the community.
As a result of the fact that the majority of the peasants were against leaving the community, by 1916 (that is, a decade after the publication of the corresponding decree), only 26 percent of the former communes received land on cuts and in farms. This means that the goal of the Stolypin reform was not achieved.



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