Why, in some cases, does a spruce tree grow in place of a birch forest?
| April 11, 2021 | education
Shade-tolerant fir trees grow beautifully under the canopy of a birch forest. The years go by. Spruce grows and occupies the upper layer of the forest. Old birches are dying. And young light-loving birches cannot survive – there is too little light for them under the spruce crowns. The birch forest is replaced by spruce.
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