Write down the reaction equation: methane-chloromethane-ethane-chloroethane
Write down the reaction equation: methane-chloromethane-ethane-chloroethane-ethanol -atanal-ethanoic acid-propyl acetate-propanol.
Methane enters easily into a substitution reaction. Let’s compose the equation of the reaction between methane and chlorine, chloromethane and hydrogen chloride are formed.
CH4 + Cl2 = CH3Cl + HCl.
Halogenated hydrocarbons react with metallic sodium to form hydrocarbons with a large number of carbon atoms.
As a result of the reaction of chloromethane and sodium, ethane and sodium chloride are formed.
CH3Cl + 2Na + ClCH3 = C2H6 + 2NaCl.
C2H6 + Cl2 = C2H5Cl + HCl.
Halogenated hydrocarbons react with alkalis to form alcohols.
Chloroethane reacts with potassium hydroxide to form ethanol and potassium chloride.
C2H5Cl + KOH = C2H5OH + KCl
Alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes.
Ethanol is oxidized to ethanal.
C2H5OH [O] CH3 – COH + H2O
Ethanal is oxidized with an ammonia solution of silver oxide (the “silver mirror” reaction) to acetic (ethanic) acid. Silver precipitates.
CH3 –COH + Ag2O = CH3 – COOH + 2Ag.
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters.
Acetic acid and propyl alcohol form propyl acetate (acetic acid propyl ester).
CH3 – COOH + CH3 –CH2 – CH2OH = CH3 – COO -CH2- CH2- CH3 + H2O
Esters are readily hydrolyzed to form carboxylic acids and alcohols.
As a result of hydrolysis of propyl acetate, propanol and acetic acid are formed.
CH3 – COO -CH2- CH2- CH3 + H2O = CH3 –CH2 – CH2OH + CH3 – COOH.
