Write down the reaction equations that can be used to carry out the following transformations

Write down the reaction equations that can be used to carry out the following transformations: a) carbon dioxide-glucose-sorbitol; b) glucose-gluconic acid-sodium gluconate (sodium salt of gluconic acid); c) glucose-ethyl alcohol-ethylene | lactic acid.

a) carbon dioxide → glucose → sorbitol

CO2 → C6H12O6 → C6H14O6

1) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + O2;

2) C6H12O6 + H2 → C6H14O6.

b) glucose → gluconic acid → sodium gluconate (sodium salt of gluconic acid)

1) C6H12O6 + Ag2O → CH2OH (CHOH) 4-COOH + 2Ag;

2) CH2OH (CHOH) 4-COOH + Na → CH2OH (CHOH) 4-COONa + H2 ↑.

c) glucose → ethyl alcohol → ethylene → lactic acid

C6H12O6 → C2H5OH → C2H4 → CH3-CH (OH) -COOH

1) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2;

2) C2H5OH → CH2 = CH2 + H2O;

3) C6H12O6 → 2 CH3-CH (OH) -COOH.