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Mutational variability

Mutations are abrupt and persistent changes in traits that are inherited. All mutations have the following properties: come on suddenly; arise in individual individuals; can be recessive or
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Combinative variability

The cause of combinative variability is the formation of new combinations of existing genes. Combinative variability is based on three processes: exchange of sections of homologous chromosomes (crossing
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Phenotypic variability

Phenotypic (non-hereditary) variability arises under the influence of environmental factors and does not affect the genotype. The following types of phenotypic variability are distinguished: modifications, morphoses, and phenocopies.
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Hardy-Weinberg law

Under certain conditions, the population is in a state of genetic equilibrium, that is, its gene pool does not change from generation to generation. This is the equilibrium
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View criteria

Criteria are signs by which individuals of one species differ from individuals of other species. The main criteria are morphological, physiological, genetic, biochemical, ecological, geographical and historical. The
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